Art of Presidential Transitions in Bangladesh

The recent handover of the presidency of Bangladesh from Mohammad Abdul Hamid to Mohammad Shahabuddin has been a remarkable event in the history of Bangladesh. The Government initiative to ensure a peaceful and smooth transfer of power is really commendable, especially when we look at the tumultuous end of tenures of many previous presidents. Mr. Hamid, serving two consecutive terms as President uninterruptedly, has set a unique example by handing over his power to his worthy successor Mr. Shahabuddin. And the success of the outgoing President and the incumbent Government has been a symbol of democratic strength in Bangladesh.

The Hamid presidency has proved the obvious choice for Bangladesh. His legacy is one of stability, dignity, and service to the people. He has set a high bar for future leaders to follow, and his commitment to the country's development and prosperity will be remembered for years to come. His unique farewell and handing over of power in a peaceful manner is a testament to his dedication to democratic values and the rule of law. It is hoped that this positive example set by Mr. Hamid will inspire future leaders to emulate his leadership style and commitment to the welfare of the Bangladeshi people. As the country moves forward, it is essential that the smooth transfer of power becomes a norm, and democratic principles are upheld at all times. This marks a departure from the legacy of the presidency transfer in Bangladesh, where most of the former presidents faced controversy and turmoil towards the end of their tenure. A careful reading of past events will reveal the testimony to the fact.

In the history of the presidency of Bangladesh, we have quite a good number of presidents who could not complete their terms of office for many and varied reasons.The history began with Bangabandhu, who was made the country's wartime President in absentia by the Mujibnagar Government, and had been in office for 270 days (Apr. 17, 1971--Jan. 12, 1972). During those 270 days Syed Nazrul Islam became the Acting President. Then came Abu Sayeed Chowdhury who was in office for 1 year and 346 days (Jan. 12, 1972—Dec. 24, 1973) who finally resigned from his post. Then came Mohammad Mohammadullah who was in office for 1 year and 34 days (24 Dec. 1973—27 Jan. 1974) and was removed from his office after the 4th amendment to the Constitution came into effect. Once again Bangabandhu became the President, established a national unity government called BAKSAL, launched what he called ‘the Second Revolution’ and served only for 202 days (Jan. 25, 1975—Aug. 15, 1975) until his assassination. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, the first usurper of presidency held office only for 83 days (Aug. 15, 1975—Sept. 6, 1975), and was finally deposed. Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem succeeded Mostaq, and only after 1 year and 166 days (Nov. 6, 1975—Apr. 21, 1977) resigned under duress. Major General Ziaur Rahman also usurped the presidency of Bangladesh, served for 4 years and 39 days (Apr. 21, 1977-- May 30, 1981) and in the end was killed by a group of army officers due to clashes of interest. The next President Abdus Sattar served for 298 days (May 30, 1981—Mar. 24, 1982) and was toppled in a bloodless military coup led by Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad. President Sattar was replaced by the retired justice A.F.M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury who held the presidency for 1 year and 258 days (Mar. 27, 1982—Dec. 10, 1983), and was subsequently dismissed by Hussain Muhammad Ershad. Ershad himself seized the presidency and served for 6 years and 360 days (Dec. 11 1983—Dec. 06, 1990), and was finally forced to resign amid a popular uprising. Shahabuddin Ahmed became President twice--first from Dec. 6, 1990 to Oct. 10, 1991 and second from Oct. 9 1996 to Nov. 14, 2001. Abdur Rahman Biswas was the President for 5 years (Oct. 10, 1991—Oct. 9, 1996). A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury served as President only for 219 days (Nov. 14, 2021—Jun. 21, 2002) and was compelled to resign for his alleged disobedience to his party. Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar became the acting President after the resignation of B. Chowdhury and remained for 77 days (Jun. 21, 2002—Sept. 6, 2002), and faced a barrage of criticism for his strong partisan views. Iajuddin Ahmed assumed presidency for 6 years and 159 days (Sept. 6, 2002 to Feb. 12, 2009) while Zillur Rahman served for 4 years and 36 days (Feb. 12, 2009—Mar. 20, 2013), and died in office. He was succeeded by Mohammad Abdul Hamid, the immediate past President, who has had a phenomenally successful period that lasted for 10 years and 41 days (Mar.14, 2013—Apr. 24, 2023), and made history.

This smooth power handover is undoubtedly the credit of the present Government, which has been working to uphold democratic practices in the country. The current administration, under the leadership of Sheikh Hasina, has shown a commitment to democratic values, and the peaceful transfer of presidential power is a testament to their efforts.The smooth presidency transfer reflects the maturity of the political leadership in the country and the willingness of all stakeholders to put the national interest at the top of the agenda. This event has reinforced the faith of the people in the democratic system and their confidence in the political leadership of the country.

The presidency transition reflects the country's progress in consolidating democratic practices which are essential for the stability and continuity of democracy. The present Government, led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, has played a vital role in strengthening democratic practices and ensuring peaceful transfers of power. Under her leadership, Bangladesh has witnessed a significant improvement in various governance indicators, including political stability, rule of law, and government effectiveness.

The credit for this smooth power handover also goes to the people of Bangladesh, who have played a crucial role in upholding democratic values and practices. The country's civil society, media, and other stakeholders have played a significant role in holding the Government accountable and ensuring transparency in governance. However, it is essential to continue strengthening democratic practices which require sustained efforts from all stakeholders, including the Government, political parties, civil society, media, and citizens. The government needs to prioritize transparency and accountability in all of its actions and decisions. Moreover, there should be an institutional framework in place to ensure that the process of selecting and appointing a new President is fair and impartial. Political parties should avoid politicizing the process and instead, prioritize the best interests of the country. This can help build trust and confidence among the public and promote a culture of democratic governance.

Writer - Dr. Rashid Askari is a freethinking writer, academic, translator and former vice chancellor of Islamic University Bangladesh
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